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008 161121s1890 meusg| | alg
010 _a 2015655578
033 0 0 _a18900316
040 _aDLC
_beng
_edacs
_cATUTS
_dDLC
041 0 _dalg
_deng
043 _an-us-me
_an-use--
050 _aTS156
_bG762
090 _aCylinder 4260
090 _aAFS 14739: A1
090 _aRKF 0006
090 _aAFC 1972/003: SR29
245 0 0 _aPassamaquoddy War song ; Trading song
_h[sound recording] /
_csung by Peter Selmore.
246 1 _iTitles in Passamaquoddy:
_aMihqelsuwakonutomon (Song of Remembrance in the Passamaquoddy War Song Series) ; Esunomawotultine (Trading dance/song )
246 0 _aJesse Walter Fewkes collection of Passamaquoddy cylinder recordings SR29
260 _c1890-03-16.
300 _a1 sound cylinder (2:45 min.) ;
_c3.75 in.
500 _aTitles from Federal Cylinder Project catalog. Song titles in Passamaquoddy and cultural narratives and traditional knowledge were supplied by Passamaquoddy tribal elders and leaders in 2017.
500 _aPassamaquoddy cultural narrative for "Mihqelsuwakonutomon pihce elonukkopon:" He/she remembers what happened long ago. There were many 'war' songs that the Passamaquoddy sang, and this English title - war song - is inadequate and simplistic for understanding their independent complexity and diversity. There were songs in preparation for going to war, there were songs sung by those who were away at the battle and different songs for those still in the community thinking of those away. There were also songs for returning warriors, there were songs for loss and songs for honoring and remembering those warriors who were lost. There were also a range of spiritual and medicinal songs for warriors to help protect them at all stages of their journey. J. Walter Fewkes notes in his letters to Mary Hemenway in March 1890 that he recorded several war songs in his three days with the Passamaquoddy. All of these are different and because of their fragmentary nature (the wax cylinder could only record several minutes of much longer songs), it is difficult to understand them in relation to each other. In this song, Mihqelsuwakonutomon, a sadness can be heard and felt. This could mean that it was a mourning song for warriors who did not return from battle. This is translated into Passamaquoddy, Somakponossok etoli-ntakihtuwut (soldiers who are being mourned). This would be the kind of song sung on Veterans Day. Molly Neptune Parker also identified similarities in this song to contemporary Passamaquoddy funeral songs. Wayne Newell describes these songs as a "puzzle that we keep trying to put together by listening to them." All the war songs that Fewkes recorded in the 1890 trip have been identified as a whole series of songs and they have been given the name: Matonotuwi-lintuwakon which means generally 'war songs'.
500 _aPassamaquoddy cultural narrative for "Esunomawotultine:" Esunomawotultine is the Passamaquoddy name for song 2 on Fewkes' cylinder 17 (Cylinder 4260; AFC 1972/003: SR29). Esunomawotultine means "let's trade." It was sung on the cylinder by Peter Selmore, who also provided the cultural narrative. This narrative is found in Fewkes' Calais field notebook and was published in the Journal of American Folklore, 1890. The song and dance is common to Passamaquoddy, Maliseet and Mi'kmaq communities. According to Nicholas Smith, the Wabanaki had at least three different types of trading dances. "The important gift-giving trait was an element in two of them. One was the trading dance of the ceremonial prelude to the actual trading at the fur trading posts. I have called another the hunter's trading dance...The third was the misunderstood peddler dance, a dance song in which the Indian satirizes the peddler as a highly motivated businessman. They despise greedy traders. The Peddler was apparently ignorant of the importance of the gift-giving role in Indian culture." (Smith 1996) According to Smith, who interviewed Maliseet (Peter and Minnie Paul of New Brunswick) and Passamaquoddy (Sabattus Tomer of Peter Dana Point) elders about the various trading dances, the peddler dance cannot be considered a trading dance song, but it added humor at social gatherings.
500 _aPassamaquoddy traditional knowledge for "Esunomawotultine:" According to Fewkes' documentation for the "Trade Dance" from Peter Selmore, this is a song and dance to encourage exchange or trade: "The participants, one or more in number, go to the wigwam of another person, and when near the entrance sing a song. The leader then enters, and, dancing about, sings at the same time a continuation of the song he sang at the door of the hut. He then points out some object in the room that he wants to buy, and offers a price for it. The owner is obliged to sell the object pointed out, or to barter something of equal value" (Fewkes, p. 263-264). For this song and dance the women would wear traditional Passamaquoddy dress including pointed caps covered in beads, loose robes and leggings. The face of the leader was painted or daubed black with paint or powder and his hair would be tied up so that it stood up. Wayne Newell adds that the person who is the leader for this song needed to have a terrific voice. "The leader needed to be able to encourage participation, to help gain momentum and to get people to join in the dance and in the trading. The leader was usually male, but sometimes female. There are many versions of this song. The Maliseets (Malecites) have a version and so do the Mi'kmaqs (Micmacs). Grace Davis (Passamaquoddy) continues to sing a version of this song." Wayne Newell is teaching it to other members of the Passamaquoddy community.
500 _aEngineer notes: Some damage at the beginning of the cylinder. There is a segment at 00:15 that exceeds 0 dB. The recording was made in reverse and corrected with Pyramix.
500 _aFCP notes: Announcements at the beginning and at 1:22 identify the songs.
505 0 _aSong of Remembrance in the Passamaquoddy War Song series = Mihqelsuwakonutomon (:00) -- Trading Song = Esunomawotultine (1:22)
506 1 _aAccess to recordings may be restricted. To request materials, please contact the Folklife Reading Room at
_uhttp://hdl.loc.gov/loc.afc/folklife.contact
510 4 _aTitles and FCP notes from Federal Cylinder Project (Washington, D.C.: American Folklife Center, Library of Congress, 1984),
_cvolume 2, p. 223.
510 4 _aDescription in Fewkes, J. W. "A contribution to Passamaquoddy Folk-lore" Journal of American Folk-lore
_c3, no. 11 (1890) p. 263-265
_uhttp://www.jstor.org/stable/534065?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
518 _aRecorded in Calais, Maine on March 16, 1890 by Jesse Walter Fewkes.
520 _aThe first song, Mihqelsuwakonutomon, means 'He/She tells memories of it'. This is a lament or mourning song. It is a fragment of one song in a series of songs and dances. Esunomawotultine, the trading dance, is the second song on Fewkes' wax cylinder 17 (Cylinder 4260; AFC 1972/003: SR29) recorded by Jesse Walter Fewkes in Calais, Maine, March 16, 1890.
524 8 _aJesse Walter Fewkes collection of Passamaquoddy cylinder recordings (AFC 1972/003: SR29) American Folklife Center, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
530 _aThis recording is available online
_uhttps://www.loc.gov/item/2015655578/
533 _aDigital preservation copy, MAVIS no. 2031767-2-1, from original cylinder on Archeophone #27.
_cLibrary of Congress,
_d2016 April 11.
_e90.4 Mbytes BWF.
533 _aDigital restoration copy, MAVIS no. 2031767-4-1, from preservation master file (from original cylinder) using Izotope RX4, Cedar Cambridge v.10 and Izotope Ozone 7.
_cLibrary of Congress,
_d2016 October 31.
_e81.1 Mbytes BWF.
533 _aDigital preservation copy, MAVIS no. 2005670-3-1 (at 00:10), from preservation tape reel.
_cLibrary of Congress,
_d2014 January 14.
_e1.92 GB BWF.
533 _aPreservation tape reel, LWO 6528 R3A (at 00:10), from original cylinder.
_bWashington, D.C.
_cLibrary of Congress,
_d197u.
_e1 sound tape reel ; analog, 7 1/2 ips, mono. ; 10.5 in.
540 _aTraditional Knowledge Label: Attribution - Elihtasik (How it is done). When using anything that has this Label, please use the correct attribution. This may include individual Passamaquoddy names, it may include Passamaquoddy as the correct cultural affiliation or it may include Passamaquoddy Tribe as the tribal designation.
_uhttp://passamaquoddypeople.com/digital-heritage/elihtasik-trans-how-it-done
540 _aTraditional Knowledge Label: Outreach - Ekehkimkewey (Educational). Certain material has been identified by Passamaquoddy tribal members and can be used and shared for educational purposes. Ekehkimkewey means 'educational'. The Passamaquoddy Tribe is a present day community who retains cultural authority over its heritage. This Label is being used to teach and share cultural knowledge and histories in schools, and to raise greater awareness and respect for Passamaquoddy culture and worldviews.
_uhttp://passamaquoddypeople.com/digital-heritage/ekehkimkewey-trans-educational
540 _aTraditional Knowledge Label: Non-Commercial - Ma yut monuwasiw (This is not sold). This material should not be used in any commercial ways, including ways that derive profit from sale or production for non-Passamaquoddy people. The name of this Label, Ma yut monuwasiw, means 'this is not to be purchased'.
_uhttp://passamaquoddypeople.com/digital-heritage/ma-yut-monuwasiw-trans-not-sold
540 _aRights are held by the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University.
544 _nRelated Fewkes' fieldnotes are located at the National Anthropological Archives (ms. 4408:9) p. 22-23, 28.
545 _aIn March 1890, Walter Jesse Fewkes traveled from Boston, Massachusetts, to Calais, Maine, to work with the Passamaquoddy Tribe to test out the new phonograph technology. The Passamaqoddy Tribe is one of the indigenous communities of the region and includes communities from Pleasant Point and Indian Township in Maine and St. Andrews, New Brunswick, in Canada. Over three days, Fewkes made recordings on 35 wax cylinders; 31 of these cylinders remain. The new cylinder technology allowed for recordings of approximately 3 minutes duration. Fewkes was able to record partial songs, vocabulary, numbers, and important Passamaquoddy cultural narratives. Peter Selmore, Noel Joseph, and Peter Lacoote have been identified as three key individuals with whom Fewkes worked the most closely. These are the first sound recordings ever made featuring Native American voices.
546 _aIntroductions in English, remainder in Passamaquoddy language.
650 0 _aPassamaquoddy Indians
_zMaine
_zCalais.
_911425
650 0 _aPassamaquoddy Indians
_vMusic.
_911426
650 0 _aPassamaquoddy Indians
_vFolklore.
_911427
650 0 _aMalecite Indians
_vFolklore.
_911428
650 0 _aMicmac Indians
_vFolklore.
_911429
650 0 _aIndians of North America
_zNortheastern States.
_911430
650 0 _aIndians of North America
_xCommerce.
_911431
650 0 _aIndian dance
_zMaine
_zCalais.
_911432
650 0 _aSongs, Passamaquoddy.
_911433
650 0 _aWar songs
_zNorth America.
_911434
651 0 _aCalais (Me.)
_911435
655 7 _aSongs.
_2lcgft
_911436
655 7 _aDance music.
_2lcgft
_911437
655 7 _aField recordings.
_2lcgft
_911438
655 7 _aCylinder recordings.
_2lcsh
_911439
700 1 _aFewkes, Jesse Walter,
_d1850-1930,
_erecordist,
_espeaker.
_911440
700 1 _aSelmore, Peter,
_eperformer.
_911441
773 0 _tJesse Walter Fewkes collection of Passamaquoddy cylinder recordings
_w(DLC) 2013655231
856 4 1 _fafc1972003_sr29_2031767_4_1
_dafc1972003
_3Passamaquoddy War song ; Trading song / sung by Peter Selmore (Digital restoration from digital preservation master file)
_uhttp://hdl.loc.gov/loc.afc/afc1972003.afc1972003_sr29_2031767_4_1
856 4 1 _fafc1972003_sr29_2031767_2_1
_dafc1972003
_3Passamaquoddy War song ; Trading song / sung by Peter Selmore (Digital preservation master file from original cylinder)
_uhttp://hdl.loc.gov/loc.afc/afc1972003.afc1972003_sr29_2031767_2_1
856 4 1 _fafc1972003_sr29_2005670_3_1
_dafc1972003
_3Passamaquoddy War song ; Trading song / sung by Peter Selmore (Track from digital preservation copy of AFC preservation tape LWO 6528 R3A)
_uhttp://hdl.loc.gov/loc.afc/afc1972003.afc1972003_sr29_2005670_3_1
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