The science and engineering of materials / Donald R. Askeland, Pradeep P. Fulay, Wendelin J. Wright.

Includes index.

Machine generated contents note: ch. 1 Introduction to Materials Science and Engineering -- 1. What is Materials Science and Engineering? -- 1-2. Classification of Materials -- 1-3. Functional Classification of Materials -- 1-4. Classification of Materials Based on Structure -- 1-5. Environmental and Other Effects -- 1-6. Materials Design and Selection -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- ch. 2 Atomic Structure -- 2-1. The Structure of Materials: Technological Relevance -- 2-2. The Structure of the Atom -- 2-3. The Electronic Structure of the Atom -- 2-4. The Periodic Table -- 2-5. Atomic Bonding -- 2-6. Binding Energy and Interatomic Spacing -- 2-7. The Many Forms of Carbon: Relationships Between Arrangements of Atoms and Materials Properties -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- ch. 3 Atomic and lonic Arrangements -- 3-1. Short-Range Order versus Long-Range Order -- 3-2. Amorphous Materials -- 3-3. Lattice, Basis, Unit Cells, and Crystal Structures -- 3-4. Allotropic or Polymorphic Transformations

3-5. Points, Directions, and Planes in the Unit Cell -- 3-6. Interstitial Sites -- 3-7. Crystal Structures of Ionic Materials -- 3-8. Covalent Structures -- 3-9. Diffraction Techniques for Crystal Structure Analysis -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- ch. 4 Imperfections in the Atomic and lonic Arrangements -- 4-1. Point Defects -- 4-2. Other Point Defects -- 4-3. Dislocations -- 4-4. Significance of Dislocations -- 4-5. Schmid's Law -- 4-6. Influence of Crystal Structure -- 4-7. Surface Defects -- 4-8. Importance of Defects -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- ch. 5 Atom and lon Movements in Materials -- 5-1. Applications of Diffusion -- 5-2. Stability of Atoms and Ions -- 5-3. Mechanisms for Diffusion -- 5-4. Activation Energy for Diffusion -- 5-5. Rate of Diffusion [Fick's First Law] -- 5-6. Factors Affecting Diffusion -- 5-7. Permeability of Polymers -- 5-8. Composition Profile [Fick's Second Law] -- 5-9. Diffusion and Materials Processing -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- ch. 6 Mechanical Properties: Part One -- 6-1. Technological Significance

6-2. Terminology for Mechanical Properties -- 6-3. The Tensile Test: Use of the Stress-Strain Diagram -- 6-4. Properties Obtained from the Tensile Test -- 6-5. True Stress and True Strain -- 6-6. The Bend Test for Brittle Materials -- 6-7. Hardness of Materials -- 6-8. Nanoindentation -- 6-9. Strain Rate Effects and Impact Behavior -- 6-10. Properties Obtained from the Impact Test -- 6-11. Bulk Metallic Glasses and Their Mechanical Behavior -- 6-12. Mechanical Behavior at Small Length Scales -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- ch. 7 Mechanical Properties: Part Two -- 7-1. Fracture Mechames -- 7-2. The Importance of Fracture Mechanics -- 7-3. Microstructural Features of Fracture in Metallic Materials -- 7-4. Microstructural Features of Fracture in Ceramics, Glasses, and Composites -- 7-5. Weibull Statistics for Failure Strength Analysis -- 7-6. Fatigue -- 7-7. Results of the Fatigue Test -- 7-8. Application of Fatigue Testing -- 7-9. Creep, Stress Rupture, and Stress Corrosion -- 7-10. Evaluation of Creep Behavior -- 7-11. Use of Creep Data -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems

Ch. 8 Strain Hardening and Annealing -- 8-1. Relationship of Cold Working to the Stress-Strain Curve -- 8-2. Strain-Hardening Mechanisms -- 8-3. Properties versus Percent Cold Work -- 8-4. Microstructure, Texture Strengthening, and Residual Stresses -- 8-5. Characteristics of Cold Working -- 8-6. The Three Stages of Annealing -- 8-7. Control of Annealing -- 8-8. Annealing and Materials Processing -- 8-9. Hot Working -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- ch. 9 Principles of Solidification -- 9-1. Technological Significance -- 9-2. Nucleation -- 9-3. Applications of Controlled Nucleation -- 9-4. Growth Mechanisms -- 9-5. Solidification Time and Dendrite Size -- 9-6. Cooling Curves -- 9-7. Cast Structure -- 9-8. Solidification Defects -- 9-9. Casting Processes for Manufacturing Components -- 9-10. Continuous Casting and Ingot Casting -- 9-11. Directional Solidification [DS], Single Crystal Growth, and Epitaxial Growth -- 9-12. Solidification of Polymers and Inorganic Glasses -- 9-13. Joining of Metallic Materials -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- ch. 10 Solid Solutions and Phase Equilibrium

10-1. Phases and the Phase Diagram -- 10-2. Solubility and Solid Solutions -- 10-3. Conditions for Unlimited Solid Solubility -- 10-4. Solid-Solution Strengthening -- 10-5. Isomorphous Phase Diagrams -- 10-6. Relationship Between Properties and the Phase Diagram -- 10-7. Solidification of a Solid-Solution Alloy -- 10-8. Nonequilibrium Solidification and Segregation -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- Chatper 11 Dispersion Strengthening and Eutectic Phase Diagrams -- 11-1. Principles and Examples of Dispersion Strengthening -- 11-2. Intermetallic Compounds -- 11-3. Phase Diagrams Containing Three-Phase Reactions -- 11-4. The Eutectic Phase Diagram -- 11-5. Strength of Eutectic Alloys -- 11-6. Eutectics and Materials Processing -- 11-7. Nonequilibrium Freezing in the Eutectic System -- 11-8. Nanowires and the Eutectic Phase Diagram -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- ch. 12 Dispersion Strengthening by Phase Transformations and Heat Treatment -- 12-1. Nucleation and Growth in Solid-State Reactions -- 12-2. Alloys Strengthened by Exceeding the Solubility Limit

12-3. Age or Precipitation Hardening -- 12-4. Applications of Age-Hardened Alloys -- 12-5. Microstructural Evolution in Age or Precipitation Hardening -- 12-6. Effects of Aging Temperature and Time -- 12-7. Requirements for Age Hardening -- 12-8. Use of Age-Hardenable Alloys at High Temperatures -- 12-9. The Eutectoid Reaction -- 12-10. Controlling the Eutectoid Reaction -- 12-11. The Martensitic Reaction and Tempering -- 12-12. The Shape-Memory Alloys [SMAs] -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- ch. 13 Heat Treatment of Steels and Cast Irons -- 13-1. Designations and Classification of Steels -- 13-2. Simple Heat Treatments -- 13-3. Isothermal Heat Treatments -- 13-4. Quench and Temper Heat Treatments -- 13-5. Effect of Alloying Elements -- 13-6. Application of Hardenability -- 13-7. Specialty Steels -- 13-8. Surface Treatments -- 13-9. Weldability of Steel -- 13-10. Stainless Steels -- 13-11. Cast Irons -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- ch. 14 Nonferrous Alloys -- 14-1. Aluminum Alloys -- 14-2. Magnesium and Beryllium Alloys

14-3. Copper Alloys -- 14-4. Nickel and Cobalt Alloys -- 14-5. Titanium Alloys -- 14-6. Refractory and Precious Metals -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- ch. 15 Ceramic Materials -- 15-1. Applications of Ceramies -- 15-2. Properties of Ceramics -- 15-3. Synthesis and Processing of Ceramic Powders -- 15-4. Characteristics of Sintered Ceramics -- 15-5. Inorganic Glasses -- 15-6. Glass-Ceramics -- 15-7. Processing and Applications of Clay Products -- 15-8. Refractories -- 15-9. Other Ceramic Materials -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- ch. 16 Polymers -- 16-1. Classification of Polymers -- 16-2. Addition and Condensation Polymerization -- 16-3. Degree of Polymerization -- 16-4. Typical Thermoplastics -- 16-5. Structure -- Property Relationships in Thermoplastics -- 16-6. Effect of Temperature on Thermoplastics -- 16-7. Mechanical Properties of Thermoplastics -- 16-8. Elastomers [Rubbers] -- 16-9. Thermosetting Polymers -- 16-10. Adhesives -- 16-11. Polymer Processing and Recycling -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems

Ch. 17 Composites: Teamwork and Synergy in Materials -- 17-1. Dispersion-Strengthened Composites -- 17-2. Particulate Composites -- 17-3. Fiber-Reinforced Composites -- 17-4. Characteristics of Fiber-Reinforced Composites -- 17-5. Manufacturing Fibers and Composites -- 17-6. Fiber-Reinforced Systems and Applications -- 17-7. Laminar Composite Materials -- 17-8. Examples and Applications of Laminar Composites -- 17-9. Sandwich Structures -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- ch. 18 Construction Materials -- 18-1. The Structure of Wood -- 18-2. Moisture Content and Density of Wood -- 18-3. Mechanical Properties of Wood -- 18-4. Expansion and Contraction of Wood -- 18-5. Plywood -- 18-6. Concrete Materials -- 18-7. Properties of Concrete -- 18-8. Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete -- 18-9. Asphalt -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- ch. 19 Electronic Materials -- 19-1. Ohm's Law and Electrical Conductivity -- 19-2. Band Structure of Solids -- 19-3. Conductivity of Metals and Alloys -- 19-4. Semiconductors

19-5. Applications of Semiconductors -- 19-6. General Overview of Integrated Circuit Processing -- 19-7. Deposition of Thin Films -- 19-8. Conductivity in Other Materials -- 19-9. Insulators and Dielectric Properties -- 19-10. Polarization in Dielectrics -- 19-11. Electrostriction, Piezoelectricity, and Ferroelectricity -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- ch. 20 Magnetic Materials -- 20-1. Classification of Magnetic Materials -- 20-2. Magnetic Dipoles and Magnetic Moments -- 20-3. Magnetization, Permeability, and the Magnetic Field -- 20-4. Diamagnetic, Paramagnetic, Ferromagnetic, Ferrimagnetic, and Superparamagnetic Materials -- 20-5. Domain Structure and the Hysteresis Loop -- 20-6. The Curie Temperature

Note continued: 20-7. Applications of Magnetic Materials -- 20-8. Metallic and Ceramic Magnetic Materials -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- ch. 21 Photonic Materials -- 21-1. The Electromagnetic Spectrum -- 21-2. Refraction, Reflection, Absorption, and Transmission -- 21-3. Selective Absorption, Transmission, or Reflection -- 21-4. Examples and Use of Emission Phenomena -- 21-5. Fiber-Optic Communication System -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- ch. 22 Thermal Properties of Materials -- 22-1. Heat Capacity and Specific Heat -- 22-2. Thermal Expansion -- 22-3. Thermal Conductivity -- 22-4. Thermal Shock -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- ch. 23 Corrosion and Wear -- 23-1. Electrochemical Corrosion -- 23-2. Electrochemical Corrosion -- 23-3. The Electrode Potential in Electrochemical Cells -- 23-4. The Corrosion Current and Polarization -- 23-5. Types of Electrochemical Corrosion -- 23-6. Protection Against Electrochemical Corrosion -- 23-7. Microbial Degradation and Biodegradable Polymers -- 23-8. Oxidation and Other Gas Reactions -- 23-9. Wear and Erosion -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems.